Variations in Velopharyngeal Valving: The Factor of Sex

Abstract

This report is the second in a series of studies of normal velopharyngeal valving for speech using the data and the general methods of procedure previously described by Bzoch It has been considered important for the planning of rehabilitation of velopharyngeal insufficiency to know the expected site of velar contact along the pharyngeal wall, the height to which the velum elevates relative to the palatal plane, the amount of tissue making contact, and whether or not there is a relationship between velar length and pharyngeal depth in normal velopharyngeal function for speech. The definition of systematic variations in these elements of normal velopharyngeal valving can provide essential information about the total process for the more effective design of speech appliances and operative procedures. Inspection and comparison of our cinefluorographie films of 100 young adults suggested that a consist— ent difference in velar configuration and motion existed for male as compared to female subjects. It seemed therefore that there might be definable variations in velopharyngeal valving existing as a factor of sex. The purpose of this study was to test that hypothesis by the detailed measurement and analysis of films on 40 subjects. PREVIOUs DEsCRiPTIONs OF VELAR CONFIGURATION. In its functional or closed position, the velum, as seen in lateral x—ray pictures, assumes a certain configuration resulting from the height to which it elevates (relative to palatal plane), the place on the pharyngeal wall where it touches, the extent of contact, the area on its surface which makes the seal, and the position of the uvula relative to the posterior pharyngeal wall. It has been recognized that velar configuration as it is revealed in lateral x—rays is the result of the balance of muscle forces exerted upon the velum in achieving closure (10). However, configuration as an entity defined by the foregoing contributing elements has not been a subject of previous study.